動画で学ぶ英語：フレーズとレッスン

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1. 0:00
   Theo Theo: No bases. I'll make the dough from zero.
2. 0:04
   Nadia Nadia: Pizza night! I'll buy the bases.
3. 0:07
   Theo Theo: No bases. I'll make the dough from zero.
4. 0:11
   Nadia Nadia: From zero? You mean with nothing?
5. 0:14
   Theo Theo: With flour! From the... start? Help.
6. 0:20
   Narrator Theo knows what he wants.
7. 0:22
   Narrator He just can't find the phrase.
8. 0:26
   Narrator From scratch tells us where the work begins.
9. 0:30
   Narrator Buy a pizza base, and someone else did the first part.
10. 0:34
    Narrator Make the dough yourself, and you begin at the very first step.
11. 0:40
    Narrator That's from scratch.
12. 0:42
    Narrator So the phrase tells us which stage you do yourself.
13. 0:47
    Narrator A bought base is a shortcut.
14. 0:50
    Narrator Flour, water and yeast are the start.
15. 0:54
    Narrator The word scratch has nothing to do with fingernails.
16. 0:59
    Narrator Here, it just means the very beginning.
17. 1:02
    Narrator It can mean raw ingredients, a blank screen, or zero experience.
18. 1:09
    Narrator Elena designed the flyer from scratch, on a blank screen.
19. 1:15
    Narrator There was no old file to copy.
20. 1:18
    Narrator The page was empty.
21. 1:20
    Narrator You can still use tools, a recipe, or help.
22. 1:25
    Narrator Only the starting point matters.
23. 1:28
    Narrator Before you use it, ask: what ready-made version am I skipping?
24. 1:35
    Nadia Nadia: You bought flour, yeast and olive oil?
25. 1:38
    Theo Theo: Yes. I'm making the dough from scratch.
26. 1:42
    Nadia Nadia: Is a recipe allowed?
27. 1:45
    Theo Theo: Sure. It's still from scratch with a recipe.
28. 1:49
    Narrator Put from scratch after the action, or after the object of the action.
29. 1:57
    Narrator With start or begin, it follows the verb directly.
30. 2:02
    Narrator We had to start from scratch.
31. 2:06
    Narrator With make, build, or design, the object comes first.
32. 2:12
    Narrator A good test: say the verb and the object first, then add from scratch.
33. 2:20
    Narrator He built a website from scratch.
34. 2:24
    Narrator Our club built its sign-up page from scratch.
35. 2:30
    Narrator Learning works the same way.
36. 2:32
    Narrator Here, it means you had no earlier knowledge.
37. 2:37
    Narrator She learned the violin from scratch.
38. 2:41
    Narrator He learned Spanish guitar from scratch.
39. 2:46
    Narrator The verb can change tense, but from scratch never changes.
40. 2:53
    Narrator Made it from scratch. Okay?
41. 2:56
    Narrator She says she made it from scratch.
42. 2:59
    Narrator She used no ready-made base, so she did every step herself.
43. 3:04
    Narrator The speaker isn't showing off.
44. 3:07
    Narrator They just say how it was made.
45. 3:11
    Narrator Your turn.
46. 3:13
    Narrator Listen, then say it out loud.
47. 3:16
    Narrator I'm learning the guitar from scratch.
48. 3:24
    Narrator We're writing the story from scratch.
49. 3:35
    Theo Theo: My dough looks like soup. Can I just add flour?
50. 3:38
    Nadia Nadia: Maybe. Or start from scratch.
51. 3:42
    Theo Theo: No more soup. I'm starting from scratch.
52. 3:46
    Nadia Nadia: Brave man. I'll bring more flour.
53. 3:50
    Narrator Theo's dough was too wet.
54. 3:53
    Narrator Adding flour would save some of the work.
55. 3:57
    Narrator Starting again can keep your notes, an outline, or a draft.
56. 4:04
    Narrator Starting again can keep earlier work.
57. 4:08
    Narrator She changed two rooms in the old plan.
58. 4:13
    Narrator Starting from scratch throws it all away.
59. 4:17
    Narrator She drew a new plan from scratch.
60. 4:21
    Narrator The cloth tore, so the tailor cut a new jacket from scratch.
61. 4:27
    Narrator The old cloth was ruined.
62. 4:30
    Narrator The tailor kept nothing, so it's from scratch.
63. 4:34
    Narrator So ask one question.
64. 4:37
    Narrator Did I keep anything from before?
65. 4:40
    Narrator Don't mix it up with up to scratch.
66. 4:44
    Narrator That one means good enough.
67. 4:47
    Narrator Well, I don't wanna start from scratch later.
68. 4:51
    Narrator He wants to do the work now, so he won't have to begin again with nothing ready later.
69. 4:57
    Narrator That's starting from scratch.
70. 5:01
    Narrator Choose the best answer.
71. 5:03
    Narrator You kept your old notes and changed only the last page.
72. 5:13
    Narrator B.
73. 5:14
    Narrator You kept your earlier notes, so this is starting again.
74. 5:18
    Narrator From scratch means you keep nothing from the old version.
75. 5:23
    Narrator Learners often change this phrase.
76. 5:26
    Narrator Keep both words exactly as they are.
77. 5:30
    Narrator Don't add the or a before scratch.
78. 5:34
    Narrator And don't swap from for another word.
79. 5:40
    Narrator Say it like this: I made it from scratch.
80. 5:45
    Narrator Think of it as one block.
81. 5:47
    Narrator Nothing goes between the two words.
82. 5:50
    Narrator The phrase is not formal or rude.
83. 5:54
    Narrator You can use it at dinner, in a meeting, or in an email.
84. 6:00
    Narrator It doesn't mean the work was hard.
85. 6:04
    Narrator It only says where you began.
86. 6:07
    Narrator In a meeting, she said the handbook was developed from scratch.
87. 6:13
    Narrator In speech, from is short and soft.
88. 6:18
    Narrator Scratch gets the strong stress.
89. 6:22
    Narrator If I may, have you ever considered making the soup from scratch?
90. 6:26
    Narrator She says "from scratch" as two fixed words: making the soup from basic ingredients, with
91. 6:34
    Narrator nothing between "from" and "scratch".
92. 6:39
    Narrator Choose the best answer.
93. 6:41
    Narrator Which person made pizza from scratch?
94. 6:50
    Narrator B.
95. 6:52
    Narrator She started with raw ingredients and no prepared base.
96. 6:57
    Narrator In A, someone else already made the base.
97. 7:02
    Nadia Nadia: This pizza is great! Did you buy the base?
98. 7:05
    Theo Theo: No! I made the dough from scratch.
99. 7:09
    Nadia Nadia: Next time, let's make the sauce from scratch.
100. 7:12
     Theo Theo: Deal. No jars this time.
101. 7:15
     Narrator One more.
102. 7:17
     Narrator A woman built a desk from scratch.
103. 7:21
     Narrator Choose the best answer.
104. 7:28
     Narrator B. From scratch only describes the starting point.
105. 7:32
     Narrator She can still use tools, plans, and help from other people.
106. 7:40
     Narrator Now a dictation.
107. 7:42
     Narrator Listen carefully, then write the whole sentence.
108. 8:11
     Narrator Check your sentence.
109. 8:13
     Narrator Did you keep from scratch as two words, with no a or the?
110. 8:20
     Narrator No prepared base to start with?
111. 8:23
     Narrator Use from scratch.
112. 8:25
     Narrator Put it after the verb, or after the object.
113. 8:30
     Narrator Keep the two words fixed, with no the or a.
114. 8:37
     Narrator Next, practice from scratch with the exercises for this lesson.
115. 8:43
     Narrator Like and subscribe for more.

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1. 問題1

   Which situation is the best example of doing something from scratch?

   A Reheating a packaged meal in a microwave oven for three minutes B Baking bread by measuring your own flour, yeast, salt, and water C Adding fresh cheese to a frozen pizza before putting it in the oven
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