動画で学ぶ英語：フレーズとレッスン

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   Bella (tutor) Welcome to MicroEnglish! Tonight, we're making dinner, but
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   Bella (tutor) there's no ready-made sauce. We've got tomatoes, garlic
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   Bella (tutor) and a pan. In this B2 lesson, you'll learn how
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   Bella (tutor) from scratch describes that starting point, then use it for
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   Bella (tutor) projects and learning too.
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   Bella (tutor) You chop the tomatoes, soften the garlic and cook everything
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   Bella (tutor) together. You're making the sauce from scratch: starting
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   Bella (tutor) with basic ingredients instead of a prepared sauce. Notice
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   Bella (tutor) what the phrase describes. It's the starting point and process,
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    Bella (tutor) rather than how delicious the finished sauce will be.
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    Bella (tutor) The phrase often follows a verb and its object:
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    Bella (tutor) make a sauce from scratch, or build a website from scratch.
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    Bella (tutor) With start, you don't need an object. The verb changes
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    Bella (tutor) for time, but from scratch stays the same. We
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    Bella (tutor) made it yesterday; we'll make it tomorrow.
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    Bella (tutor) Keep that idea as we move beyond food. A team can
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    Bella (tutor) create a training course from scratch, without adapting an
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    Bella (tutor) existing course. Someone can learn Korean from scratch,
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    Bella (tutor) beginning with no knowledge of Korean. These aren't separate
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    Bella (tutor) meanings. In each case, the person begins with the basics.
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    Bella (tutor) Say it as a connected phrase: we made it from scratch.
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    Bella (tutor) Scratch usually carries more stress than from. Let
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    Bella (tutor) its final sound finish clearly, without adding another syllable.
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    Bella (tutor) Practise the whole sentence once, then replace made
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    Bella (tutor) with built. Both verbs work naturally with this expression.
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    Bella (tutor) Compare changing last year's course with creating a new one
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    Bella (tutor) from scratch. The first uses an existing version as its base.
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    Bella (tutor) The second begins without that base. Starting from scratch
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    Bella (tutor) may take longer, but the phrase doesn't automatically mean
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    Bella (tutor) the result is better, harder or more original.
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    Bella (tutor) A designer making a game from scratch can still use scissors,
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    Bella (tutor) software and professional experience. The expression
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    Bella (tutor) doesn't mean working without help or tools. Similarly,
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    Bella (tutor) cooking from scratch doesn't require growing your own tomatoes.
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    Bella (tutor) What counts as the basic starting point depends on the activity.
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    Bella (tutor) Sometimes an earlier attempt fails. The design failed,
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    Bella (tutor) so we started from scratch. Here, we began again
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    Bella (tutor) without using that design as our base. But failure isn't
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    Bella (tutor) required. You can choose to build something from scratch on
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    Bella (tutor) your very first attempt.
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    Bella (tutor) A common mistake is adding an article: from a scratch.
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    Bella (tutor) In this expression, use from scratch, without
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    Bella (tutor) a or the. It fits everyday conversation and many
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    Bella (tutor) workplace situations. For a very formal document,
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    Bella (tutor) you might specify exactly what you mean, such as without
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    Bella (tutor) using an existing template.
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    Bella (tutor) Now listen to four short conversations, two British
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    Bella (tutor) and two American. Focus on what each person uses as
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    Bella (tutor) their starting point. Choose an answer before the explanation.
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    Bella (tutor) On the second listen, check the words that support your choice.
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    Bella (tutor) George arrives while Alice is preparing lunch. What
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    Bella (tutor) has she done herself?
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    George Shall I warm up those flatbreads?
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    George Yes, please. I made them from scratch
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    Alice with flour and yoghurt.
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    Alice That explains the flour on your sleeve!
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    Bella (tutor) Alice made the dough herself. Flour and yoghurt are her starting
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    Bella (tutor) ingredients, and she says she made the flatbreads from scratch.
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    George Shall I warm up those flatbreads?
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    George Yes, please. I made them from scratch
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    Alice with flour and yoghurt.
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    Alice That explains the flour on your sleeve!
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    Bella (tutor) Roger checks on a shared task. Listen for the reason
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    Bella (tutor) behind Jessica's schedule.
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    Roger Can you just update the old budget sheet?
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    Roger It doesn't fit this project. I'm building one from scratch,
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    Jessica so I need until Friday.
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    Jessica Okay, I'll plan around that.
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    Bella (tutor) She's creating a new sheet from scratch. Her reply rejects
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    Bella (tutor) Roger's suggestion of simply updating the old one.
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    Roger Can you just update the old budget sheet?
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    Roger It doesn't fit this project. I'm building one from scratch,
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    Jessica so I need until Friday.
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    Jessica Okay, I'll plan around that.
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    Bella (tutor) Alice and George discuss evening classes. Which course
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    Bella (tutor) level would suit George?
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    Alice Are you joining the intermediate Italian class?
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    Alice No, I'm learning from scratch. I don't even
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    George know the greetings yet.
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    George Then the Tuesday beginners' group sounds right.
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    Bella (tutor) A beginner's course would suit him. Learning from scratch is
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    Bella (tutor) supported by his admission that he doesn't even know the greetings.
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    Alice Are you joining the intermediate Italian class?
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    Alice No, I'm learning from scratch. I don't even
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    George know the greetings yet.
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    George Then the Tuesday beginners' group sounds right.
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    Bella (tutor) An invitation file has disappeared. Listen for
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    Bella (tutor) what Roger's next step involves.
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    Jessica Did you find a saved copy of the invitation?
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    Jessica No. I'll have to start from scratch tonight.
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    Roger I'll send you the photos again.
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    Bella (tutor) Roger must create it again. There's no saved copy,
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    Bella (tutor) so starting from scratch means rebuilding the invitation.
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    Jessica Did you find a saved copy of the invitation?
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    Jessica No. I'll have to start from scratch tonight.
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    Roger I'll send you the photos again.
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    Bella (tutor) Your turn. Say, I'd like to make a soup from scratch.
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    Bella (tutor) Now replace a soup with something you'd like to create. You
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    Bella (tutor) could also change make to build or design. Say your
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     Bella (tutor) complete sentence aloud.
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     Bella (tutor) Check three possible misunderstandings. From scratch
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     Bella (tutor) doesn't mean alone, and it doesn't require a failed attempt.
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     Bella (tutor) It also makes no promise about quality. A cake made
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     Bella (tutor) from scratch can still burn! The useful information is
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     Bella (tutor) how the work begins.
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     Bella (tutor) You can use it with colleagues when discussing how something
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     Bella (tutor) was created. Keep the expression fixed, without
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     Bella (tutor) the. And remember the difference from starting over: starting
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     Bella (tutor) over emphasises doing something again. From scratch
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     Bella (tutor) emphasises beginning with the basics, without an existing version
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     Bella (tutor) or prepared base.
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     Bella (tutor) Visit microenglish dot com, slash idioms,
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     Bella (tutor) slash from-scratch, for interactive dictation. Type
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     Bella (tutor) what you hear and check your answers. You can also ask the
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     Bella (tutor) AI tutor about your own examples. The first dictation is free;
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     Bella (tutor) further practice and tutor access depend on membership and
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     Bella (tutor) available credits.
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     Bella (tutor) In the comments, name something you'd like to make or learn
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     Bella (tutor) from scratch. Add what you'd begin with: ingredients,
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     Bella (tutor) materials or basic skills. For example, I'd
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     Bella (tutor) like to design a card game from scratch. Ask any questions
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     Bella (tutor) you still have, and thanks for joining me.

各問題の答えを選んでから、解答を開いて確かめてください。

1. 問題1

   Which situation is the best example of doing something from scratch?

   A Reheating a packaged meal in a microwave oven for three minutes B Baking bread by measuring your own flour, yeast, salt, and water C Adding fresh cheese to a frozen pizza before putting it in the oven
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2. 問題2

   Which sentence shows the correct word order when using an action verb with a direct object?

   A She created from scratch a lovely pottery vase. B She created from a scratch lovely pottery vase. C She created a lovely pottery vase from scratch.
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3. 問題3

   How does 'from scratch' function in ordinary workplace communication?

   A As a neutral, factual description of how a project or document was produced B As an aggressive complaint about unfair working conditions C As an exaggerated formal boast that guarantees a promotion
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4. 問題4

   Which pronunciation pattern is typical when native speakers say 'from scratch' in connected speech?

   A 'From' receives maximum stress while 'scratch' is whispered. B 'From' usually has a weak unstressed vowel, while 'scratch' carries primary stress. C Speakers always insert an extra vowel between 's' and 'k' in 'scratch'.
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5. 問題5

   In the dialogue between the two friends, what have the speakers decided to make themselves?

   A The pizza dough bases B The shopping bags C The grocery store shelves
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6. 問題6

   What is the difference between starting again and starting again from scratch?

   A Starting again costs more money than starting from scratch. B Starting again can reuse earlier parts, while starting from scratch discards all previous work. C Starting again requires special tools, but starting from scratch never uses tools.
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