動画で学ぶ英語：フレーズとレッスン

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   Bella Welcome to this lesson on Reflexive Pronouns. Today
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   Bella we explore words like myself and yourself that show the subject
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   Bella does an action to itself. You will learn to choose reflexive
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   Bella pronouns accurately and avoid adding them to simple everyday
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   Bella verbs.
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   Bella Elena hurried along the platform and stopped by the carriage
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   Bella glass. She looked up and noticed her reflection clearly. She
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   Bella smiled and said, I saw myself in the window.
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   Bella We use a reflexive pronoun when the subject does an action
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    Bella to itself. In our story, Elena looked and
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    Bella Elena was seen. The action returns directly to the subject
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    Bella of the sentence.
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    Bella Consider this sentence from the station cafe. The traveler
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    Bella bought himself a warm tea. Because the subject is a single
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    Bella male, we match him with the form himself.
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    Bella Let us test your skill now. Which pronoun completes:
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    Bella He bought ___ a warm drink? Look at the subject
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    Bella pronoun he and choose the matching form.
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    Bella Well done. We use himself because the subject of
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    Bella the sentence is he. When a male subject acts on himself,
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    Bella the matching reflexive form is himself.
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    Bella Many languages use reflexives for daily routines, but
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    Bella English prefers simple verbs. We say I
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    Bella wash, I shave, or I dress. Adding reflexive
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    Bella words here sounds unusual in everyday speech.
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    Bella Compare these two actions. If David poured tea for
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    Bella Sarah, David helped her. But if David took a cup on his own,
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    Bella David helped himself. Standard pronouns refer to someone
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    Bella else.
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    Bella Notice how singular reflexive pronouns end in self,
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    Bella while plural forms end in selves. Keeping
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    Bella this sound distinction in mind makes choosing the right spelling
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    Bella and ending natural.
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    Bella Here is the plural pattern in station life. New commuters
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    Bella joined the lounge group. They introduced themselves politely
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    Bella before the train arrived. Notice the ending selves matching
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    Bella the plural subject they.
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    Bella When you say these words, place the stress clearly on the
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    Bella ending. Emphasise the self in myself, and make
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    Bella the selves in ourselves sound stronger than the first part.
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    Bella Think about our rule for routine verbs. Which sentence sounds
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    Bella more natural for everyday morning routines? Choose the option
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    Bella that everyday English speakers prefer.
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    Bella That is right. English prefers the simple verb wash
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    Bella for everyday morning routines. While adding myself is
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    Bella possible, keeping the verb simple sounds much more natural.
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    Bella As you listen to the upcoming dialogues, ask who is performing
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    Bella the action. If that person does the action to someone else,
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    Bella listen for an ordinary object pronoun instead.
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    Bella Listen to two passengers talking near the station cafe counter.
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    George Did you wait long in the queue for that hot chocolate?
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    Unlabelled speaker Not really. I bought myself a large coffee too while
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    Unlabelled speaker I waited.
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    George That was a sensible choice before our cold train journey.
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    Bella The speaker says I bought myself a coffee, showing
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    Bella the action was done for themself. Evidence:
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    Bella Not really. I bought myself a large coffee too while I waited.
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    George Did you wait long in the queue for that hot chocolate?
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    Unlabelled speaker Not really. I bought myself a large coffee too while
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    Unlabelled speaker I waited.
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    George That was a sensible choice before our cold train journey.
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    Bella Listen to two colleagues discussing their morning routine before
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    Bella a meeting.
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    George You look very smart and ready for the presentation today.
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    Unlabelled speaker Thank you. I usually shave early and leave plenty
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    Unlabelled speaker of time.
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    George It definitely helps you feel relaxed before speaking.
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    Bella The speaker correctly says I usually shave early without
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    Bella adding an unnecessary reflexive pronoun. Evidence:
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    Bella Thank you. I usually shave early and leave plenty of time.
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    George You look very smart and ready for the presentation today.
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    Unlabelled speaker Thank you. I usually shave early and leave plenty
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    Unlabelled speaker of time.
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    George It definitely helps you feel relaxed before speaking.
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    Bella A passenger explains a heavy luggage situation to a station
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    Bella assistant.
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    Roger Did someone help you bring that massive suitcase down the stairs?
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    Jessica No, I carried it myself from the street entrance.
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    Roger Be careful with heavy bags, as you might hurt yourself.
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    Bella The traveler says I carried it myself, meaning
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    Bella the traveler carried it alone without assistance. Evidence:
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    Bella No, I carried it myself from the street entrance.
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    Roger Did someone help you bring that massive suitcase down the stairs?
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    Jessica No, I carried it myself from the street entrance.
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    Roger Be careful with heavy bags, as you might hurt yourself.
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    Bella Listen to two commuters discussing new arrivals in the station
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    Bella lounge.
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    Roger How did the newcomers get along in the passenger lounge?
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    Jessica They introduced themselves warmly and shared their travel stories.
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    Roger That made everyone feel comfortable right away.
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    Bella The speaker explains that the newcomers introduced themselves
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    Bella warmly to the group. Evidence: They introduced
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    Bella themselves warmly and shared their travel stories.
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    Roger How did the newcomers get along in the passenger lounge?
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    Jessica They introduced themselves warmly and shared their travel stories.
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    Roger That made everyone feel comfortable right away.
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    Bella Try speaking these phrases aloud. Native speakers often
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    Bella use reflexive forms in polite offers and farewells. Repeat
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    Bella them smoothly to build your conversational confidence.
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     Bella Learners often ask if myself can replace I.
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     Bella Remember that reflexive forms cannot stand alone as the grammatical
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     Bella subject of your sentence.
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     Bella You can place a reflexive pronoun after a noun or verb
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     Bella for emphasis. This shows that nobody else helped you.
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     Bella Words like relax, concentrate, and feel
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     Bella describe internal states. English speakers avoid
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     Bella adding myself or yourself after these verbs.
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     Bella Look closely at prepositions of physical space. English
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     Bella typically uses simple pronouns like him or her instead
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     Bella of reflexive forms.
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     Bella Sometimes you talk about a single person whose gender is unknown.
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     Bella In modern spoken English, you will often hear themselves.
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     Bella Adding the word by before a reflexive pronoun creates a
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     Bella useful idiom. By myself means either completely
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     Bella alone or without assistance.
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     Bella Visit our platform to explore Watch video lessons,
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     Bella interactive Practice activities, and the dictation library.
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     Bella You can try our AI Tutor using monthly credits. You can
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     Bella also explore our free public social hub to see our global learner
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     Bella directory.
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     Bella You now know when English verbs require reflexive pronouns
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     Bella and when simple verbs work best. Keep listening closely
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     Bella and match each pronoun to its subject.

各問題の答えを選んでから、解答を開いて確かめてください。

1. 問題1

   In the sentence 'Sarah reminded ___ about the morning appointment', which pronoun is correct if Sarah did not remind anyone else?

   A her B she C herself
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2. 問題2

   Why is 'The runner hurt during the marathon' incomplete in English?

   A The verb hurt needs an object to indicate who was injured, such as hurt himself. B The sentence needs the helping verb did before hurt. C The noun marathon must be placed at the beginning of the sentence.
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3. 問題3

   Which sentence is grammatically correct for a business email?

   A If you have questions, please contact either the director or myself. B If you have questions, please contact either the director or me. C If you have questions, myself and the director will help you.
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4. 問題4

   Which sentence correctly expresses a personal feeling in English?

   A I feel myself confident about the interview tomorrow. B I feel me confident about the interview tomorrow. C I feel confident about the interview tomorrow.
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5. 問題5

   Which sentence uses the correct plural reflexive pronoun?

   A We prepared ourself for the upcoming inspection. B We prepared ourselves for the upcoming inspection. C We prepared us for the upcoming inspection.
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6. 問題6

   Which sentence sounds most natural for an ordinary morning routine?

   A I shaved, washed, and had coffee. B I shaved myself, washed myself, and had coffee. C I shaved me, washed me, and had coffee.
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