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Weather-dependent plans
Conditional plans establish two possible paths based on an uncertain event. In this conversation, the friends prefer cycling outdoors, but rain makes that choice uncertain. The word if introduces the weather condition required for cycling. The word otherwise introduces the indoor alternative if that condition fails. The word instead highlights that cooking lunch replaces cycling rather than adding another event to their afternoon.
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A good trajectory
A good trajectory indicates that your overall performance is improving steadily over time. It describes a positive trend rather than finished perfection, meaning that specific habits or details may still require adjustment.
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Describing lost property
Describing lost property means providing a set of precise factual details that distinguishes your possession from other similar items in storage.
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Medicine instructions
Pharmacy instructions separate the dose taken at one time from the daily frequency. Food prepositions define whether medicine requires an empty or full stomach, while conditional warnings explain what actions to avoid if drowsiness or worsening symptoms occur.
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Project status update
Project status updates use time markers to convey progress: already marks finished actions, still identifies unresolved bottlenecks, and once specifies the prerequisite event that activates the next task.
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Confirming an appointment
Confirming an appointment means checking an arrangement that already exists rather than making a new booking. In this call, the bike repair shop updates the booking from Monday to Wednesday at 2:15 p.m., requests arrival at 2:10 p.m., and asks for the bike lock key.
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Understanding an indirect refusal
An indirect refusal communicates that the speaker cannot or does not want to accept the current invitation without directly saying no. Appreciation can soften the message, while a reason explains why the proposed plan will not work.
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Train platform change
When an announcement updates a train journey, the destination remains the same while the platform and time change. In our scenario, the sixteen ten train to York is delayed by fifteen minutes, meaning it departs at sixteen twenty-five from platform seven instead of platform two.
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Checking a café order
In an order such as two soups, but one without cream, the customer wants two portions and changes only one. With introduces something included; without introduces something excluded. An allergy explains why an ingredient must be avoided.
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Delivery voicemail corrections
A repair shop caller updates the delivery time for a repaired desk lamp from before lunch to the afternoon, changes the last digit of the order code, and gives a nearby collection desk as an alternative if the workplace reception is closed.
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Changing a plan
When people change a plan, they keep the main activity but adjust one detail, such as the start time or meeting spot. In daily conversations, speakers explain why a delay happened, propose an alternative time, and wait for confirmation before the arrangement is settled.
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Word of mouth
Word of mouth describes information, recommendations, or news passed directly from person to person through informal conversation rather than paid advertising or official announcements.
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Video · 5 Min. When it comes to
'When it comes to' means 'about this particular subject'. You name the subject and then say something about it. For example: 'When it comes to sewing, I need help.'
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The upper hand
Having the upper hand means holding a clear advantage or stronger position compared to another person. It does not refer to someone's physical hand. Instead, it describes who has more control or influence in a particular situation.
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Up to speed
'Up to speed' means fully informed about recent developments or capable of performing a task at the required operational standard. It describes practical readiness rather than physical movement.
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Up to scratch
'Up to scratch' means satisfying the required, acceptable, or expected standard for a particular need or task. It indicates that something is good enough, not necessarily excellent or flawless. 'Come up to scratch' means reaching that standard through improvement, while 'bring something up to scratch' means taking action to improve its quality.
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Up in the air
The idiom 'up in the air' means that a matter, plan, or decision is not yet certain or decided, often because additional facts or choices are needed. It does not mean the event is cancelled, impossible, or literally high above the ground; rather, it describes a situation that remains unsettled until a resolution arrives.
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Touch a nerve
To touch a nerve means to say something that causes an immediate sensitive, defensive, or upset reaction because it mentions an uncomfortable topic.
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