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A root is the central part of a word that holds its primary meaning. An independent root can stand alone as a common English word, such as use, care, or wash. A bound root carries meaning within a family of words but cannot stand alone with that meaning, like port in transport and portable. Prefixes sit before the root to shift its direction or action, while suffixes sit after the root to establish its grammatical role as a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb.

The technician brought a reusable filter so the office would not buy paper replacements every week.