फ़्लैशकार्ड

A gerund functions as a noun, representing an action, process, or concept. A present participle ends in -ing and either combines with helping verbs to show ongoing action or functions as an adjective describing a noun. A past participle typically ends in -ed or takes an irregular form, teaming up with have or be to show completed states, passive actions, or noun qualities.

Managing our team schedule requires clear communication each morning.